In the world of internal combustion engines, turbochargers play a fundamental role in increasing their power and efficiency. However, among the different types of turbos, there is an important distinction between fixed geometry turbos and variable geometry turbos.

In this article, we will explore the differences between these two types of turbochargers and how they affect engine performance.

Fixed geometry turbos

Fixed geometry turbos have fixed blades in the turbine housing. These blades cannot change their angle or position in relation to the exhaust gas flow.

Although they are simpler in design, their performance is optimized for a specific engine rpm range. This means that they can offer considerable power at certain operating points, but may suffer from “turbo lag” (delayed turbo response) at others.

  • Advantages: Simplicity, good performance in certain rpm ranges
  • Disadvantages: Turbo lag, less efficiency over a wider range of speeds.
  • Applications and uses: Fixed geometry turbos are commonly found in applications where the emphasis is on power at speeds, such as some high-performance engines.

Variable geometry turbos

On the other hand, variable geometry turbos have adjustable blades in the turbine housing. These blades can change their angle or position depending on the operating conditions of the engine.

 

This tunability allows the turbo to respond more quickly to engine demands at different rpm, significantly reducing turbo lag.

Variable geometry turbos can optimize engine performance over a wider range of speeds, delivering smoother, more consistent power.

  • Advantages: Fast response, better performance over a wider rpm range.
  • Disadvantages: Increased complexity, potentially higher maintenance cost.
  • Applications and uses: Variable geometry turbos are used in a variety of applications, from street cars to work vehicles, as they offer a more versatile balance between power and efficiency in different driving situations.

In conclusion, the choice between a fixed geometry turbo and a variable one depends on the specific performance and efficiency needs of a vehicle.

Both have their own advantages and disadvantages, and their suitability will vary depending on the intended use and the preferences of the car manufacturer.

Ultimately, understanding the differences between these types of turbos can help motorsports enthusiasts choose the system that best suits their driving needs and preferences.

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